CIAO DATE: 11/2011
Volume: 8, Issue: 30
Summer 2011
CONTENTS (PDF)
The Steppe and Early European State Formation (PDF)
Iver B. Neumann
It is not a self-evident thing for a group of scholars to invite an outsider who has studied the home turf of that group to open one of their conferences. I am extremely pleased to be here, and I want to make the most of the opportunity by calling attention to an area of study that my previous work has been pointing me to, and that I believe we who study International Relations (IR) should make our own. I am talking about a relation between two places in time. ! e relation is the one between nomads and sedentaries. ! e places are the Eurasian steppe and the sedentary polities to its west. By the Eurasia steppe I mean that vast tract of land that stretched from the Mongolian-Turkic homelands around Kara- korum, north of the agricultural lands of the Chinese, the Persians and the Byzantines, all the way to where the grasslands started to give way to forest, and where there lived Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribes. ! e time is what Europeans call the middle ages.
"Uluslararası" Fikri, Epistemolojik Yanılgı ve Eleştirel Gerçekliğin İmkânları (PDF)
Burak ÜLMAN, Evren BALTA-PAKER, A.AĞCAN
+ is article examines the main assumptions of neo-realism and neo-liberalism from the perspecti- ve of a critical realist philosophy of science. Although neo-realist and neo-liberal theories of inter- national relations (IR) disagree on some issues, they do have a common ontological understanding of “the international” based heavily on the principle of anarchy. + e centrality of and emphasis on anarchy, in turn, creates a monolithic, unhistorical and asocial idea of the international. + is article argues that a critical realist philosophy of science, as proposed by Roy Bhaskar, provides a good framework to pursue the ontological interrogation required to deconstruct the anarchy centered idea of the international assumed by rationalist/positivist theories. Critical realism allows us to identify the crucial error that the rationalist/positivist tradition commits: which is to fall into the trap of ‘epistemic fallacy’, where ontological questions concerning the nature of being are posed and answered in epistemological terms. Critical realism not only provides a tool to investigate the ontological assumptions of mainstream IR theories but also to propose a diff erentiated and strati- fi ed ontology that can open the door to the mutual recognition of alternative perspectives.
Algı mı, Söylem mi? Kopenhag Okulu ve Yeni- Klasik Gerçekçilikte Güvenlik Tehditleri (PDF)
Sinem AKGÜL-AÇIKMEŞE
This article compares the perceptive approach of neoclassical realist security understanding with the discursive constructivist methodology of the Copenhagen School in analyzing the emergence of security threats. It departs from the assumption that these theories divergent in their perspectives on the content of security threats as well as security actors are comparable since they reveal methodological commonalities. The main emphasis of this article is that while partly adopting the perceptive subjectivity of neoclassical realism, the Copenhagen School has further developed an alternative model of discursive intersubjectivity in analyzing security threats. In this context, it will fi rst cover the discussions on the content of security threats in Security Studies literature. It will then compare the assumptions of various realist understan- dings of security on the content and emergence of security threats, with a particular focus on the perceptive perspective of neoclassical realism. Finally, it will study the threat approach of the Copenhagen School through its securitization theory with insights from the speech-act theory, political theory and discourse analysis, in comparison with neoclassical realism.
H. Tolga BÖLÜKBAŞI, Ebru ERTUGAL, ÖZÇÜRÜMEZ
This article argues that the evolution of the Europeanization research program and that of the literature on Turkey has come evolved incongruously. The article identifies the limits of this interaction, investigates the conceptual, theoretical and methodological origins of these limits, and concludes that such incongruence may be overcome by cross-utilization of the conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and research design tools off ered by the Europeanization research program more eff ectively in studying Turkey. Doing so will allow studying the exclusive impact of the EU on the processes of transformation in Turkey by isolating its transformative role from the impact of other domestic dynamics and international factors.
Uluslararası İş Birliğini Yeniden Düşünmek: Rekabet Politikasında Düzenleyici Ağlar Örneği (PDF)
Umut AYDIN
In the last few decades, globalization has led to the emergence of complex international problems and new methods of cooperation to deal with them such as Transnational Re- gulatory Networks (TRNs). In this article I argue that dominant rationalist theories of International Relations such as neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism have diffi culty accounting for the emergence of TRNS and their eff ects on state behavior. Thus, there is an increasing need to rethink our concepts and theories of international cooperation with the spread of TRNs. 6 e article explores this argument by focusing on cooperation on competition policy in the International Competition Network.
Uluslararası Çevre Rejimlerinde Etkinlik Sorunu (PDF)
Yasemin KAYA, Sezgin KAYA
The effectiveness of international environmental regimes is a subject that is becoming more and more important within the International Relations discipline. While one of the reasons of that is the increasing interest of the international community in environmental issues, the other reason is that the environmental issues have turned into a problem that has a direct impact on the relations among the states. However, there is no consensus on approaches about the assessment of the effectiveness of the environmental regimes. This study aims to consider the diff erent approaches and views that are important in terms of the assessment of the eff ectiveness of environmental regimes. In this framework, the approaches related to regime eff ectiveness are assessed, and the outlines of theoretical and methodological framework that can be used in the analysis of regime eff ectiveness are tried to be defined.