Columbia International Affairs Online: Policy Briefs

CIAO DATE: 02/2012

Modifying Gender Role Stereotypes in Children

Laura McCloskey

December 2011

The Sexual Violence Research Initiative

Abstract

Gender stereotypes exist in all cultures, conveyed through media messages, television, music, religious and cultural institutions, and even toys. Parents convey expectations of gender role conformity starting in infancy , with one study finding that parents hold gender-typed expectations of their sons and daughters in the first 24 hours following birth. Another found that children show an awareness of their parents' communication about gender roles from two to two-and-a-half years of age , with the early provision of gender differentiated toy selection typically reflecting parental stereotypes.