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Summer 2002: From Tampere To Sevilla: An Overview Of Security In Europe (Part. II)
From Tampere to Seville, toward Excessive Government in Transnational Leadership, by Didier Bigo & Elspeth Guild
Recent transnational trends in governmental cooperation are criticised. Politicians at various summits make policies and decisions influenced by governments. Outcomes of several G7, G8, and EU summits are evaluated. Alternative "counter-summits" - e.g., at the WTO meeting in Seattle - have attempted to create spaces for popular dissent. These protests have themselves become transnational. Officials systematically and forcibly blocked one at Genoa. Transnational rights of association and demonstration must accompany transnational decision-making, if democracy and liberty are to endure.
Brief Impressions of Genoa. Daily Chronicle of an Anti-Globalisation Mobilization (PDF, 17 pages, 50.5 KB) , by Nathalie Bayon & Jean-Pierre Masse
A journal of experiences protesting globalisation at the Genoa summit begins with recollections of a grassroots mobilization and of strategies for crossing carefully guarded borders. A daily chronicle begins with 17 July 2001. Impressions are of a militarised city, initial tensions with the first demonstrations supporting immigration and free circulation, and a series of demonstrations and violent confrontations with police. The authorities are blamed for provoking conflict in order to discredit anti-globalisation protesters.
Judicial Cooperation in a Space of Liberty, Security, and Justice (PDF, 8 pages, 29.2 KB) , by Eric Alt
The EU's projected judicial organ, Eurojust, is evaluated. Eurojust will contribute to coordination of legal and criminal matters among member states; it will replace the Corpus juris project, a simpler model of cooperation. Inadequacies of the EU's current system of legal and police cooperation are surveyed: a complex institutional structure, insufficient protection of fundamental rights, and ineffective opposition to major crime; introducing Eurojust into this framework would not fix it. Corpus juris provides a European prosecutor to coordinate the initial phase of a transnational investigation, common definitions of several infractions, unified trial procedures, and a balance between efficiency and civil rights. The merits of Corpus juris are weighed against the disadvantages and rationalizations of Eurojust.
The Impact of the September 11 Events on the Creation of a Space of Liberty, Security, and Justice (PDF, 38 pages, 100.1 KB) , by Pierre Berthelet
The terrorist attacks of September 11 (2001) have accelerated the EU's antiterrorism efforts in the context of its common objective to "establish a space of liberty, security, and justice, in which the free movement of persons is guaranteed." This fight against terrorism has been carried out in European and other international institutions. EU antiterrorism strategies are described and the importance, methods, and objectives of intelligence sharing among member-state police forces are explained. Protocols and organizations involved in judicial cooperation are outlined, e.g., with respect to extradition of suspects, instruction of authorities, and the freezing or confiscating of assets. Europe's battle against terrorism has been reinforced since 11 Sept by the involvement of outside nations, a detailed system for documenting antiterrorism projects, the development of new normative tools, and a modified concept of security. The antiterrorism campaign's effects on immigration and border-control policies are examined. The merits of Europe's new security arrangements are weighed.
The Southeast Europe Stability Pact (PDF, 8 pages, 30.2 KB) , by Anastassia Tsoukala
The 1999 Southeast Europe Stability Pact aims at democratic and economic reforms and at the restructuring of existing agreements and relationships; provisions concerning domestic security are examined. Objectives related to justice and domestic security include fighting corruption, managing immigration and asylum, and training police. Measures undertaken under the Southeast European Cooperation Initiative to facilitate regional cooperation against international crime are evaluated. These multilateral efforts have not succeeded. A bilateral approach shows more promise collaborative achievements between Italy and Albania illustrate both the potential and persisting challenges of bilateral strategies.
Telecommunications Surveillance: End of a Chapter (PDF, 6 pages, 24.7 KB) , by Tony Bunyan
A conflict between government security interests and the public's privacy rights is examined. European and US intelligence agencies' policies and practices concerning telecommunications are sketched. EU directives in 1995 and 1997 imposed narrow limits on the use and storage of recordings. Recent moves in the European Council suggest that the directives' protections may be in danger and that the Council intends to accommodate such demands as the ENFOPOL 29 initiative for intercepting satellite and Internet communications. A law-and-order emphasis must not overwhelm democracy's civil rights. The relevant document issued by the Council is appended.
Immigrant Parents Caught in the "Urban Trap" (PDF, 26 pages, 78.3 KB) , by Olivier Masclet
A sociological inquiry into Maghrebi immigrant families' experiences in urban Paris distils interview data from Algerian and Moroccan parents. Findings reveal that most feel ashamed in their employment and housing situations. Mothers' and fathers' viewpoints are contrasted regarding their children and housing. Tenement living has weakened family morale and discipline. Causes and outcomes of young peoples' disillusionment with education are explored. Many families face a quandary of supporting young adults in a job sector of high unemployment. One father's disappointment in his children's accomplishment is illustrated in an extended interview excerpt. In contrast with the dominant ethno-culturist accounts, Maghrebi family disorders are attributed to social and economic factors that affect immigrants before others.