Columbia International Affairs Online: Working Papers

CIAO DATE: 04/2014

The Wisdom of Crowd-Funders: What Motivates Cross-Border Private Development Aid?

Raj M. Desai, Homi Kharas

January 2014

The Brookings Institution

Abstract

In 2010, foundations, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), religious groups and other charitable organizations in the United States contributed $39 billion to international development causes (Hudson Institute 2012). By comparison, $30 billion in US official development assistance (ODA) was disbursed during the same year. For US-based organizations, this represented a doubling of international private, voluntary development assistance over the past decade. In recent years, the proliferation of private development aid has been facilitated by peer-to-peer (or “crowd-funding”) practices. As with the broader “crowd-sourcing” phenomenon which solicits information from large numbers of individuals for various entrepreneurial activities, crowd-funding platforms bundle large numbers of small, individual contributions for investment, grants or loans. The bundling of funds is generally done through internet-based social networks. From the United States, internet-based companies such as Global Giving, Kiva, Wokai and Zidisha have channeled millions of dollars to individuals and partner organizations in developing countries.