Columbia International Affairs Online: Policy Briefs

CIAO DATE: 01/2014

Saudi Arabia and the expansion of Salafism

Laurent Bonnefoy

September 2013

Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre

Abstract

Due to the specific history of Saudi Arabia, the export of religious ideologies has long been seen as an important tool of Saudi “soft power”. Through a variety of institutions and actors, only some of which can be linked to Wahhabism or even to Islam, interactions between Saudi Arabia and the world are complex and diverse. While mechanisms aiming to export a conservative interpretation of Islam that have been labelled Salafism may be manifest, this policy brief intends to question the efficiency of such mechanisms for the dissemination of religious ideologies. In order to do so, it will first define Salafism. It will then highlight the diversity of this concept, in particular when it comes to its relations with the Saudi monarchy. Finally, it will conclude by highlighting some changes triggered by the “Arab Spring” uprisings that affect the relationship among Salafi movements in the Middle East and Saudi Arabia.