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CIAO DATE: 07/04
Spring 2002 (Volume 1, Number 1)
Turkish Foreign Policy: Opening New Horizons for Turkey at the Beginning of a New Millenium by Ismail CEM
The single biggest challenge facing the world today is the fact that threats to peace and security are becoming increasingly more sophisticated and unpredictable. In such a volatile environment, Turkey has been actively using her diplomatic, political and economic assets for the improvement of the human condition and containment of deadly conflicts. Turkey , with a multitude of opportunities, is poised to become a significant player in the coming decades. Contemporary Turkey aspires to join the European Union as a full member and to be a leading economic and political actor in Eurasia. Turkey will achieve these goals, and more, to the extent that we acknowledge the 21st century as an age of democracy, human rights and the rule of law. These will be the fundamental criteria by which success and progress are measured. To the extent that we develop rationalism, productivity and social justice as elements that complement one another and to the degree that we mobilize all the advantages that history, culture, and economics bestow upon Turkey, these goals will become more attainable.
Greece's Foreign Policy in the New Century by George Papandreou
Greece is committed to embracing all those nations who strive for democracy within their frontiers, and peaceful cooperation beyond them, into the European family. Through the process of the ever past neighbouring war in the Balkans, Greece has managed to inspire in the international community the importance of a consistent, universal and unifying policy towards South-Eastern Europe. What South East Europe needs most is to achieve a climate of security, democracy, and peace. The EU's acceptance of Turkey's candidate status at Helsinki will no doubt move us closer to these goals. Bringing Turkey closer to Europe will bring greater security to the region.
Economic Development: Institutional Convergence versus Experimentation by Dani Rodrik
Thinking on economic development has converged on the view that growth requires foreign technology and good institutions. Reforms in the areas of economic openness and governance have accordingly become the cornerstones of development strategy in virtually every country. However, actual development experience presents at best an awkward fit with this conception of growth basics. What the conventional view ignores is that learning and experimentation are an important precondition for development. Strategies that rely on off-the-shelf technological and institutional blueprints do not work well. Openness and governance remain important, but they need to be embedded in national development strategies that leave room for experimentation and "self discovery."
Turkey's New Economic Diplomacy Balancing Commercial Interests With Geopolitical Goals by Mehmet Ogutcu
The need for a comprehensive reform agenda has become extremely pressing in Turkey. At the international level, the key element is Turkey's drive towards EU membership, which will require a huge overhaul of its regime, practices and governance (linked with the call for a new political architecture and a redefinition of national interests in foreign affairs strategy). Domestically, sense of economic crisis has accelerated needed reforms and brought an unprecedented sense of urgency. The post-crisis Turkey may well rebound and recover quickly on a solid basis, as was the case in the aftermath of the 1997 Asian crisis for Thailand and Korea. We see the novel economic diplomacy strategy as an essential part of Turkey's wide range of policy and institutional reform agenda, designed to put Turkey on a sound footing in the new international system.
Cyprus and the EU: Catalyst for Negotiations or Settlement? by Nathalie Tocci
What became increasingly clear to Ankara and Lefkosa by late 2001 was that the accession of Cyprus to the EU in the near future was inevitable. In order to induce the Turkish Cypriot leadership to genuinely work towards a settlement, it is however necessary to persuade the Turkish Cypriot leadership and people that a settlement within the EU could indeed serve their interests. In addition to the Greek, Turkish and British military guarantees, the Union could offer itself as a non-military guarantor of a settlement. Another important signal would be the lifting of the EU trade restrictions on northern Cyprus. Finally, a detailed discussion of possible transition periods and derogations on the application of the acquis communautaire would also be instrumental in this respect. In order to motivate Greek Cypriots as well, although re-applying conditionality to the RoC with respects to a settlement of the conflict is not an option, the EU could demand a Greek Cypriot declaration in favour of several principles of a future settlement as a condition of EU membership. They would include concepts such as those of bi-zonality, bi-communality and political equality between the two communities within a unified island as defined in Boutros Ghali's 1992 Set of Ideas.
Turkey's Foreign Policy Challenges in the new millennium by Meltem Muftuler-Bac
Since the end of the Cold War, Turkey finds itself at a crossroads as it is faced with new security challenges such as reformulation of the security institutions and the emergence of new threats to security. The newly shaping security architecture increases the need for a strategic consensus between Turkey, and its key allies, the USA and the European members of NATO that would have different pillars than the strategic consensus of the Cold War years. Turkey is trying to protect its position in the Western security systems while at the same time has to reformulate its foreign policy in response to new challenges.
Argentina's Experience: Any Lessons for Turkey? by Cem Akyurek
Since the end of the Cold War, Turkey finds itself at a crossroads as it is faced with new security challenges such as reformulation of the security institutions and the emergence of new threats to security. The newly shaping security architecture increases the need for a strategic consensus between Turkey, and its key allies, the USA and the European members of NATO that would have different pillars than the strategic consensus of the Cold War years. Turkey is trying to protect its position in the Western security systems while at the same time has to reformulate its foreign policy in response to new challenges.
Turkey vs. Argentina: A Comparative Analysis with a Long Term Perspective by Umit Kumcuoglu
The stories of Turkey and Argentina need to be viewed from three different perspectives to better understand the causes and trajectory of the crises experienced by the two countries: 1.The long term development path. 2.The major economic imbalances behind the crises 3.The actions of the policy makers before, during and after the crises. This article focuses on the first point, long term development, and attempts to link it to the other two. Main conclusions are that 1. economic stability in the medium term is dependent on the maintenance of the two major resource flow balances of a country - the fiscal position and the current account position, 2. a credible and rational mechanism must be in place to manage the resource allocation question and 3. when it is time to "pay the bill", delays only increase the damage.
Academia
An Analysis of the Ideological Space Underlying Turkish Party Preferences by Ali Çarkoglu and Melvin J. Hinich
The paper focuses on party choice of Turkish voters. The spatial model of voting that was successfully applied in many other country contexts is adopted. The paper aims to grasp the cognitive organisation of voters' attitudes about issues and evaluations of political parties. A spatial map is derived from a recent survey of urban settlers that show a dominant cleavage between secularists and pro-Islamists. The second dimension shows the influence of recent conflict involving the Kurdish minority on rising nationalist sentiments. Given a general depiction of the spatial map of voters, implications for the Turkish party system and understanding of the structure of party constituencies from especially a demographic and self-ascribed identity perspectives are discussed.
Public Opinion
Turkish Public Opinion Survey by Strateji Mori