|
|
|
|
Spring 2001: Pacification, Reconciliation (Part. II)
Pacifications and Reconciliations. Reflections on Immoral Transition (PDF, 22 pages, 71.5 KB) , by John Crowley
Reconciliation must underlie a true pacification, i.e. a long lasting pacification. There can indeed be no stable peace without the old enemies percieving as legitimate the new order in which they live together. But reconcialiation can only emerge from the former enemies reciprocally recognising themselves. In this sens, the idea of reconciliation becomes problematic in conflicts in which the enemy is percieved as "an ennemy from within". By definition, the latter is not recognised as legitimate, and the reconcialiation therefore appears impossible at first. In such cases, pacifications without reconciliations can allow, as political negociations do, the transformation of the internal enemy into a legitimate ennemy, thereby favouring its recognition. The equilibrium remains fragile as the doubtful compromises resulting from these forms of pacification may endanger the peace stability for the future.
The Second Intifida Questions the Arabic Citizen's Place in the Jewish State (PDF, 19 pages, 60 KB) , by Laurence Louër
Laurence Louër analyses in this article the motives and implications of the october 2000 "israeli-arabs" demonstrations during which 12 of them were killed. These demonstrations against the Israeli policies in regrads to the "Palestinian matter" called into question these recent years' quietism characterizing the arabic population in Israel. Still, one cannot say that there have been no political protest during this period. The intensity of the year 2000 demonstrations seem to question the quietist mechanim of the plural Israeli society structures. The aim of this article is to try to understand the apparent radicalisation dynamics of the Israeli Arabics through the analysis of the social structure of this minority community. The analysis also reveals the economical, political and social precariousness of this group. Such a enterprise notably needs to replace these dynamics in the context of the national struggle of Palestinians.
East-Timor: The Struggle for Peace and Reconciliation (PDF, 29 pages, 87.1 KB) , by Roland Bleiker & Rodd McGibbon
The EU's projected judicial organ, Eurojust, is evaluated. Eurojust will contribute to coordination of legal and criminal matters among member states; it will replace the Corpus juris project, a simpler model of cooperation. Inadequacies of the EU's current system of legal and police cooperation are surveyed: a complex institutional structure, insufficient protection of fundamental rights, and ineffective opposition to major crime; introducing Eurojust into this framework would not fix it. Corpus juris provides a European prosecutor to coordinate the initial phase of a transnational investigation, common definitions of several infractions, unified trial procedures, and a balance between efficiency and civil rights. The merits of Corpus juris are weighed against the disadvantages and rationalizations of Eurojust.
The Contemporary Problematic of Forgiveness seen Through the Mirror of the Massacre of the Harkis (PDF, 27 pages, 81 KB) , by Emmanuel Brillet
We propose to examine the contemporary problematic of pardon in politics, from a theoretical point of view (midway between ethical design and political responsibility) as well as practical (through the study of appropriate conditions to instigate a space of deliberation about the controversy). The border-line case of the French colonial army's Muslim back-up soldiers who were massacred soon after Algeria's independence by elements claiming to belong to the Algerian nationalist ranks in power, and the sociological and symbolical echoes of this drama both in France and Algeria (especially in the context of the current Algerian civil war), led us on to underline the conceptual centrality of recognition in the hermeneutics, as well as in the engineering of pardon in politics. On the contrary, the policy recently instituted by the Algerian authorities with the double aim to win the favour of Islamists and re-establish civil concord, ratifying the prevalence of juridical arrangement over public expression of the discord, gives an institutional counter-example of what could be - or what should be - a policy of forgiveness.