CIAO DATE: 11/2009
Volume: 38, Issue: 3
Spring 2009
The Palestinians in Israel and Operation Cast Lead: A View from Haifa (PDF)
Hisham Naffa'
Operation Cast Lead in Gaza did not come as a surprise to the Palestinians living within Israel's 1948 borders, but the severity of the onslaught sparked widespread popular protests, the most sustained and among the largest ever witnessed in the Arab community in Israel since the creation of the state. Protesters gathered daily, both spontaneously and under direction from the Higher Follow-Up Committee for the Arab Citizens of Israel, in rallies that took place from Sakhnin to Tel Aviv. These demonstrations-and the organizers behind them-were treated as hostile by both the Israeli media and the state security apparatus.
Operation Cast Lead in the West Bank (PDF)
Robert Blecher
Scattered protests aside, life in the West Bank continued “normally” (by West Bank standards) during Operation Cast Lead. The relative quiet stemmed from political disillusionment and the heavy-handed control exercised by the Palestinian security services. Whereas some thought that the Israeli campaign would mark a turning point, in fact it deepened the paralysis of the Palestinian political system. With Hamas failing to achieve tangible gains and Fatah increasingly at odds with itself and the Palestinian Authority in Ramallah—itself pursuing a "good governance" strategy that few believe will end the Israeli occupation—Palestinians’ faith in their own political establishment has dropped to a new low.
Made in the U.S.A.: American Military Aid to Israel
Frida Berrigan
Enforcement of U.S. law concerning weapons exports and the disbursement of military aid are subject to highly politicized interpretations of concepts like "legitimate self-defense" and "safeguarding internal security." As illustrated by Israel's July 2006 war in Lebanon and its 2008-2009 Operation Cast Lead in Gaza, Washington has essentially allowed Israel to define "self-defense" however it chooses. This overview of U.S. military aid to Israel, including weapons sales and related support of its domestic military industrial complex, examines in detail the mechanisms through which aid is funneled, the restrictions on aid that do exist, and the uses to which U.S. military aid has been put-particularly in terms of Israel's military operations and its exports abroad.
Frida Berrigan is senior program associate of the Arms and Security Initiative at the New America Foundation in Washington, DC.
Gaza's Humanitarianism Problem
Ilana Feldman
This essay explores the possible negative consequences of identifying the current situation in Gaza primarily as a humanitarian problem. Scholarship on the complicated effects of humanitarian action in general, the early history of humanitarian intervention in the lives of Palestinians, and the current politics of aid in Gaza all underscore these problems. The essay reflects on several aspects of what can be called the "humanitarianism problem" in Gaza by considering both how humanitarianism is sometimes deployed as a strategy for frustrating Palestinian aspirations and the often unintended political effects of the most well-intentioned humanitarian interventions.
Ilana Feldman is an assistant professor of anthropology and international affairs at George Washington University and author of Governing Gaza: Bureaucracy, Authority, and the Work of Rule, 1917-1967 (Duke University Press, 2008).
Israel's Assault on Gaza: A Transformational Moment? An Interview with Azmi Bishara
Mouin Rabbani
Azmi Bishara (b. 1956 in Nazareth), an Israeli Arab politician and academic, earned a doctorate in philosophy from Humboldt University in Berlin in 1986 and for the next ten years was professor of philosophy at Birzeit University; he was also associated with the Van Leer Institute in Jerusalem as a senior researcher. Politics, however, occupied him from an early age. In 1974, while still in high school, he established the first National Committee of Arab High School Students; two years later he was instrumental in founding the first National Arab Student Union, which he represented in the Committee for the Defense of Arab Lands when it declared Land Day in 1976.
Bishara has been a dominant force in Israeli Arab politics since 1995, when he was a principal founder of the National Democratic Assembly (Tajamu` in Arabic, Balad in Hebrew), a "democratic progressive national party for the Palestinian citizens of Israel." He was elected to the Israeli Knesset for the first time in 1996-and in all subsequent elections through 2006-under the banner of the National Democratic Assembly, which soon became the spearhead of the national movement for the Palestinian community in Israel with its demands for cultural autonomy, recognition as a national minority, and equal rights. Within a few years, the slogan Bishara coined, "Israel as a state for all its citizens," had become a mainstream demand and the rallying cry of Israel's Palestinian community.
A self-described Arab nationalist, Bishara has long been a thorn in the side of the Israeli establishment. Attempts to rein him in began in earnest in November 2001, when, following a visit to Syria and speeches supporting the right of people under occupation to resist, the Knesset revoked his immunity as a member of the Knesset, opening the way for a criminal indictment against him. The Israeli High Court dismissed the indictment in April 2003 and Bishara's parliamentary immunity was restored, but other actions followed. The National Democratic Assembly, was twice banned (in 2003 and 2006) from participating in parliamentary elections by Israel's Central Elections Committee. (The ban was lifted both times by the High Court, and both times the party won three seats.) Following Israel's 2006 Lebanon war, Bishara became the subject of a high-level security probe. Although he vigorously rejected allegations of "passing information to the enemy at time of war" as politically motivated fabrications, he resigned his Knesset seat and went into exile in April 2007. In spring 2009, a bill was introduced in the Knesset that, if passed, will allow the state to strip him of his citizenship.
Since leaving Israel, Bishara divides his time between Amman, Jordan, and Doha, Qatar. In addition to writing (he has published three books in recent years), he is a prominent commentator on regional and international affairs in the Arab media and satellite TV and holds the Gamal Abdel Nasser Chair for Arab Thought at the Center for Arab Unity Studies in Beirut.
He was interviewed in English in Doha on 17 February 2009 by Mouin Rabbani, an Amman-based independent analyst and a senior fellow of the Institute for Palestine Studies.
Voting for Apartheid: The 2009 Israeli Elections
Oren Yiftachel
Focusing primarily on Israeli voter attitudes with respect to the Zionist-Palestinian conflict, this paper argues that the results of the 2009 elections highlight the structural entanglement of Israeli politics within a colonialist process of "creeping apartheid" not only in the West Bank but in Israel proper. The elections also demonstrated the continuing relevance of identity and class politics among Israeli voters and the trend among culturally and economically marginalized groups to support the colonialist agendas set mainly by the settlers, the military, and parts of the globalizing economic elites. In parallel, election results among Palestinians in Israel reflect their growing alienation from a political system that structurally excludes them from political influence.
Oren Yiftachel is professor of political geography, urban planning, and public policy at Ben-Gurion University, Beersheba, and the author of a number of books, including Ethnocracy: Land and Identity Politics in Israel/Palestine (Penn Press, 2006).
Shooting Gaza: Photographers, Photographs, and the Unbearable Lightness of War
Peter Lagerquist
Barred entry to Gaza during Operation Cast Lead, Western photojournalists and TV crews found themselves confined to the Israeli side of the border during the assault, peering along the barrels of IDF artillery. The following essay reflects on what was said and heard among them on a sunny day in January 2009, how they and local Israeli spectators related to the violence, and how these two perspectives were tacitly elided in photographs of the war.
Peter Lagerquist is a journalist based in Jerusalem. He would like to thank Emilio Dabed, Nithya Nagarajan, Taiseer Khatib, Zinaida Miller, Tom Hill, Robert Blecher, and Deema Arafah for their help with this essay, which first appeared in French translation in Le Monde Diplomatique online, February 2009.
A Gaza Chronology: 1948-2009
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 98
Israeli Military Operations against Gaza, 2000–2008
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 122
Prelude to Operation Cast Lead (2003-2008)
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 139
Statistical Indicators on the Eve of Operation Cast Lead
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 169
Photos
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 172
Military Dimensions: The Israeli Arsenal Deployed against Gaza (PDF)
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 175
Palestinian Weapons Deployed Against Israel
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 192
Day-by-Day Casualties, Israeli Sorties, and Palestinian Missiles Fired (chart) (PDF)
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 201
Palestinian Casualties by Status and Region (chart)
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 207
Damages to Palestinian People and Property during Operation Cast Lead
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 210
Photos
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 213
Press Commentary and Analysis Background and Context
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 223
Planning, Strategy, and Conduct of the War
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 239
Hasbara and Spin
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 253
Esber: Under the Cover of War: The Zionist Expulsion of the Palestinians (PDF)
Nur Masalha
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 259
Board: Reporting from Palestine 1934-1944
Ted Swedenburg
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 260
Makdisi: Palestine Inside Out: An Everyday Occupation; Kovel: Overcoming Zionism: Creating a Single Democratic State in Israel/Palestine; and Neumann: The Case Against Israel
Nubar Hovsepian
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 261
Hammad: breaking poems (PDF)
Marcy Jane Knopf-Newman
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 263
Le More: International Assistance to the Palestinians after Oslo: Political Guilt, Wasted Money
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 264
Gunning: Hamas in Politics: Democracy, Religion, Violence (PDF)
Ghada Al-Madbouh
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 266
Sizer: Zion's Christian Soldiers: The Bible, Israel, and the Church
Mark Chmiel
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 267
Kanaaneh: A Doctor in Galilee: The Life and Struggle of a Palestinian in Israel
Diana Buttu
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 268
Arab Views (cartoons from al-Hayat)
This section aims to give readers a glimpse of how the Arab world views current events that affect Palestinians and the Arab-Israeli conflict by presenting a selection of cartoons from al-Hayat, the most widely distributed mainstream daily in the Arab world. JPS is grateful to al-Hayat for permission to reprint its material.
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 270
From the Hebrew Press
This section includes articles by Israeli journalists and commentators that have been selected for their frank reporting, insightful analyses, or interesting perspectives on events, developments, or trends in Israel and the occupied territories.
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 272
Quarterly Update on Conflict and Diplomacy
Michele K. Esposito
The Quarterly Update is a summary of bilateral, multilateral, regional, and international events affecting the Palestinians and the future of the peace process.
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3, p. 286
Settlement Monitor
Geoffrey Aronson
This section covers items-reprinted articles, statistics, and maps-pertaining to Israeli settlement activities in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. Unless otherwise stated, the items have been written by Geoffrey Aronson for this section or drawn from material written by him for Report on Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories (hereinafter Settlement Report), a Washington-based bimonthly newsletter published by the Foundation for Middle East Peace. JPS is grateful to the foundation for permission to draw on its material.
16 November-15 February 2009
Michele K. Esposito
16 November-15 February 2009
Michele K. Esposito
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3 (Spring 2009), p. 359
Chronology
This section is part 101 of a chronology begun in JPS 13, no. 3 (Spring 1984). Chronology dates reflect Eastern Standard Time (EST). For a more comprehensive overview of events related to the al-Aqsa intifada and of regional and international developments related to the peace process, see the Quarterly Update on Conflict and Diplomacy in this issue.
16 NOVEMBER
As the quarter opens, Israel maintains its strict siege of Gaza, imposed following Hamas's 6/07 takeover of Gaza and tightened dramatically in 1/08 to allow no exports and only the bare minimum of humanitarian imports. A 6-mo. Gaza cease-fire, in place since 6/19, technically remains in effect, although significant cross-border exchanges resumed on 11/4. Israel has sealed Gaza borders completely since 11/5, allowing in an average of 5 containers/day of humanitarian aid, whereas the UN estimates that 500/day are needed to sustain the basic human needs of the 1.5 m. population. Today, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) makes an air strike on Gaza City targeting a group of Popular Resistance Comm. (PRC) mbrs. preparing to fire a rocket into Israel, killing 4 PRC mbrs. (The IDF reports that in the past 48 hrs., Palestinians have fired 20 rockets and mortars, including 2 Grad-type rockets, into Israel, causing no damage or injuries.) In the West Bank, the IDF conducts late-night arrest raids, house searches in and around Hebron and Nablus, and nr. Bethlehem, Jenin. Israel's High Court orders Jewish settlers to evacuate the illegal outpost of Beit Shalom, in the al-Rajabi building in the Wadi al-Nassara area of Hebron, or face eviction, also declaring the State of Israel the temporary custodian of the building until ownership disputes are resolved; settlers ignored a 10/29 High Court order demanding they vacate the building within 24 hrs. (NYT 11/17; OCHA 11/19; PCHR 11/20; OCHA 11/27)
17 NOVEMBER
Israel allows into Gaza 30 trucks carrying food and medicine for UNRWA, a limited amount of diesel fuel for Gaza's electricity plant. The IDF fires on a group of armed Palestinians nr. Bayt Lahiya, wounding 2. Palestinians fire 11 rockets, 1 mortar fr. Gaza into Israel, causing some damage but no injuries. In the West Bank, the IDF conducts late-night arrest raids, house searches in and around Nablus, in Bayt Umar and al-Fawar refugee camp (r.c.) nr. Hebron. (JP, WP 11/18; OCHA 11/19; PCHR 11/20; JP 1/22; HA 11/23)
18 NOVEMBER
Israel reseals crossings into Gaza, citing continued Palestinian mortar and rocket fire. Palestinian rocket fire immediately falls to near zero. The IDF sends tanks into s. Gaza to disable roadside bombs planted along the border, trading fire with Palestinian gunmen, causing no reported injuries. The Israeli navy intercepts and confiscates 3 Palestinian fishing boats carrying fishermen and international peace activists, detaining passengers and crew (all are released on 11/19). Egyptian security forces demolish 20 smuggling tunnels on the Rafah border. In the West Bank, the IDF demolishes a Palestinian home in Issawiyya nr. East Jerusalem; conducts late-night arrest raids, house searches in and around Nablus, in Ramallah, and nr. Bethlehem and Salfit. Jewish settlers fr. Yitzhar bar Palestinian access to a nearby road, stone Palestinian vehicles. (WP, WT 11/19; OCHA 11/19; PCHR 11/20)
19 NOVEMBER
In the West Bank, the IDF conducts late-night arrest raids, house searches in and around Tulkarm, nr. Tubas. Jewish settlers fr. Beit Shalom vandalize a nearby Palestinian home. Jewish settlers close a road nr. Ramallah to Palestinian traffic, stone Palestinian vehicles. (PCHR 11/20; OCHA 11/26; PCHR 11/27)
20 NOVEMBER
In Gaza, UNRWA suspends its program of cash distributions to the 100,000 poorest refugees (intended to enable them to supplement their basic food ration with fresh vegetables and other vital household supplies) because there were no Israeli shekels circulating in Gaza due to Israel's 8/08 ban on exporting currency to Gaza's banks and hoarding by Gazans. In the West Bank, the IDF conducts late-night house searches in and around Balata r.c. and Nablus, nr. Qalqilya; occupies 4 Palestinian homes in the Wadi al-Nassara area of Hebron, restricts Palestinian movement in the neighborhood while Jewish settlers fr. Kiryat Arba hold a celebration. (OCHA, PCHR 11/20; PCHR 11/27)
21 NOVEMBER
In the West Bank, the IDF fires rubber-coated steel bullets, tear gas, percussion grenades at Palestinians holding a nonviolent protest against settlements at the evacuated settlement site of Homesh nr. Jenin (wounding 5); conducts late-night arrest raids, house searches in and around Nablus, and nr. Bethlehem, Hebron; fires rubber-coated steel bullets, tear gas, percussion grenades at Palestinian, Israeli, international peace activists taking part in nonviolent demonstrations against the separation wall in Bil`in (10s suffer tear gas inhalation), Jayyus nr. Qalqilya (10s suffer tear gas inhalation; a Palestinian Council mbr. and PLO Exec. Comm. mbr. are detained for questioning), and Ni`lin (injuring 1). In East Jerusalem, Israeli police raid and halt a cultural event at a theater in the city organized by the Jerusalemite Youth Parliament and several local NGOs and schools, stating that it was a political event connected to the Palestinian Authority (PA), which the organizers deny. (PCHR 11/27)
22 NOVEMBER
The IDF conducts late-night arrest raids, house searches nr. Bethlehem, Jenin. Jewish settlers dress in Magen David Adom (Israeli Red Cross) uniforms and, guarded by Israeli security forces, raid, seize a Palestinian home in the Aqabat al-Saraya quarter of the Old Town of East Jerusalem; the Palestinian family has lived in the home since 1931. A Palestinian who suffered a severe heart attack during an 11/9 IDF raid on his East Jerusalem home dies. (PCHR 11/27)
23 NOVEMBER
The IDF conducts a late-night arrest raid in Bethlehem. An Israeli court orders settlers to evacuate the East Jerusalem home seized on 11/22; Israeli police remove the settlers but seal the second floor of the home pending a 12/2 court date to hear the settlers' case. Jewish settlers fr. Kiryat Arba vandalize Palestinian homes nr. the al-Ibrahimi Mosque/Tomb of the Patriarchs. (PCHR 11/27)
24 NOVEMBER
Israel allows 32 truckloads of humanitarian aid, limited fuel imports, and some currency imports into Gaza but maintains a ban on foreign journalists (ban now in place for more than 2 wks.). The Foreign Press Association appeals to Israel's High Court to overturn the ban. Despite receiving fuel, Gaza's power plant cannot resume operation, because its turbine batteries have died from prolonged lack of use and Israel continues to bar the import of maintenance equipment. Palestinians fire 1 rocket fr. Gaza into Israel, causing no damage or injuries. In the West Bank, the IDF demolishes a Palestinian home in Azariyya; patrols in, fires on residential areas of Jenin town and r.c., causing no injuries; conducts late-night arrest raids, house searches, ID checks in Qalandia r.c. nr. Ramallah. Jewish settlers fr. Beit Shalom vandalize, heavily damage at least 5 Palestinian cars. The Israeli government reaches a deal with the 45 Jewish settler families in the unauthorized outpost of Migron (among the largest unauthorized outposts) near Hebron to relocate closer to the existing authorized Jewish settlement of Adam; the families will be permitted to stay in Migron until new housing is constructed, a process expected to take years. (WP 11/25; OCHA 11/26; PCHR 11/27)
25 NOVEMBER
Israel reseals Gaza's borders a day after reopening them, citing 1 Palestinian rocket fired into Israel today, causing no damage or injuries. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) estimates that Palestinians have fired 20 rockets, mortars toward Israel since 11/19, with 5 exploding at the launch site, most landing in Sederot, none causing injuries. In the West Bank, the IDF conducts late-night arrest raids, house searches in Hebron and Qalandia r.c., nr. Bethlehem. (WP 11/26; OCHA 11/26; PCHR 11/27)
26 NOVEMBER
In Gaza, Palestinian workers replace the Gaza power plant's damaged batteries with modified car batteries, allowing the plant to resume operation (see 11/24). In the West Bank, the IDF fires on Palestinians protesting outside Qalandia r.c. against recent IDF arrests there, seriously wounding 1 teenager; conducts late-night arrest raids, house searches in Nablus and Balata r.c., in and around Tulkarm r.c., and in villages around Hebron, Nablus, and Ramallah (raids within each area are synchronized). Jewish settlers vandalize a Palestinian ambulance nr. Salfit. Jewish settlers fr. Beit Shalom and Kiryat Arba attack a 61-yr.-old Palestinian woman, vandalize several homes; the IDF observes but does not intervene. (OCHA 11/26; PCHR, WT 11/27; PCHR 12/4)
27 NOVEMBER
Israel allows entry to Gaza of 18 tons of chlorine to disinfect drinking water, an amount sufficient to purify Gaza's water supply for 8 days; Gaza's water authority had requested 220 tons. In the West Bank, the IDF conducts synchronized, late-night house searches on several villages nr. Jenin (no arrests are reported). As rumors spread that the IDF is preparing to evict settlers fr. Beit Shalom, Jewish settlers fr. Kiryat Arba and Beit Shalom carry out a series of attacks on nearby Palestinian neighborhoods, vandalizing homes, attacking 2 funeral processions, moderately injuring 2 Palestinians; the IDF observes but does not intervene. (OCHA 11/27; OCHA 12/3; PCHR 12/4)
28 NOVEMBER
IDF troops along the s. Gaza border e. of Khan Yunis fire on a group of armed Palestinians inside Gaza, causing no injuries; troops then cross into Gaza, exchange fire with armed Palestinians, wounding 4. PRC mbrs. then fire 11 mortars fr. Gaza toward the IDF military post at Nahal Oz crossing; 3 mortars hit the base, wounding 6 IDF soldiers, 1 critically. In the West Bank, the IDF conducts an evening raid on an Internet café nr. Jenin, checking IDs and searching the premises but making no arrests; conducts late-night arrest raids, house searches nr. Hebron, Jerusalem, Qalqilya, Tulkarm; conducts synchronized, late-night house searches in Tubas and neighboring al-Fara` r.c., and in 8 villages s. of Jenin, making no arrests; fires rubber-coated steel bullets, tear gas, percussion grenades at Palestinian, Israeli, international peace activists taking part in nonviolent demonstrations against the separation wall in Bil`in (injuring 1 Japanese activist), Jayyus nr. Qalqilya (injuring 2 Palestinians), and Ni`lin (injuring 2 Danish activists, 1 Palestinian teenager). Jewish settlers fr. Kiryat Arba and Beit Shalom attack Palestinians, vandalize property in nearby Palestinian areas, seriously injuring 4 Palestinians, including a 6-yr.-old boy. Later, IDF troops close the area, take up positions on surrounding rooftops, escort 5 busloads of settlers from other parts of the West Bank into the area to "defend" the illegal Beit Shalom outpost. In the evening, the settlers rampage through Palestinian areas, burning cars, slashing tires, breaking windows of cars and homes, destroying water tanks; the IDF does not intervene. (NYT 11/29; OCHA 12/3; PCHR 12/4)
Spring 2009
Norbert Scholz
Spring 2009
Compiled by Norbert Scholz
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 38, no. 3 (Spring 2009), p. 395
Bibliography of Periodical Literature
Bibliography of Periodical Literature
This section lists articles and reviews of books relevant to Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict. Entries are classified under the following headings: Reference and General; History (to 1948) and Geography; Palestinian Politics and Society; Jerusalem; Israeli Politics, Society, and Zionism; Arab and Middle Eastern Politics; International Relations; Law; Military; Economy, Society, and Education; Literature and Art; Book Reviews; and Reports Received.
REFERENCE AND GENERAL
Aasam, `Abd al-Amir. "The Ambiguity of Freedom: The Philosophy of Freedom and the Freedom of Philosophy in Contemporary Thought" [in Arabic]. MA 31, no. 359 (Jan. 09): 103-26.
Abu `Arfa, `Abd al-Qadir. "The Arabs and the Question of Freedom" [in Arabic]. MA 31, no. 359 (Jan. 09): 160-77.
Fadlallah, Muhammad H. (interview). "The Islamic Situation: Challenges and Issues" [in Arabic]. SA, no. 129 (Sum. 08): 117-28.
Ghannushi, Rashid. "Islam and Secularism" [in Arabic]. MA 31, no. 359 (Jan. 09): 178-82.
Hammana, Bukhari. "On Philosophy and Freedom in the Twenty-First Century" [in Arabic]. MA 31, no. 359 (Jan. 09): 127-38.
Hanafi, Hasan. "The Mind and Freedom: The Debate between Farah Antun and Muhammad ‘Abdu" [in Arabic]. MA 31, no. 359 (Jan. 09): 139-47.
Jamal, Ahmad M. "The Contemporary Political Dictionary (Part 7)" [in Arabic]. ShA, no. 136 (Win. 08): 88-96.
Mula, `Ali S. "Islamic Fundamentalism: Origin and Evolution" [in Arabic]. MA 31, no. 358 (Dec. 08): 117-34.
Zarukhi, Isma`il. "Freedom in Modern Arabic Thought" [in Arabic]. MA 31, no. 359 (Jan. 09): 148-59.
Zawi, Omar. "The Critical Intellectual Discourse on Islam: A Methodical Approach to the Thought of Muhammad Arkoun." MA 31, no. 358 (Dec. 08): 67-75.
HISTORY (THROUGH 1948) AND GEOGRAPHY
Ayalon, Ami. "Private Publishing in the Nahda." IJMES 40, no. 4 (Nov. 08): 561-77.
Azaryahu, Maoz. "The Formation of the ‘Hebrew Sea' in Pre-State Israel." JMJS 7, no. 3 (Nov. 08): 251-67.
Feldestein, Ariel L. "One Meeting, Many Descriptions: The Resolution on the Establishment of the State of Israel." ISF 23, no. 2 (Win. 08): 99-114.
Fine, Jonathan. "Establishing a New Governmental System: The Israeli Emergency Committee, October 1947-April 1948." MES 44, no. 6 (Nov. 08): 977-91.
Green, Abigail. "Sir Moses Montefiore and the Making of the ‘Jewish International'." JMJS 7, no. 3 (Nov. 08): 287-307.
Greenberg, Ela. "Between Hardships and Respect: A Collective Biography of Arab Women Teachers in British-ruled Palestine." Hawwa 6, no. 3 (08): 284-314.
Harte, John. "Scouting in Mandate Palestine." BCBRL 3, no. 1 (Nov. 08): 47-51.
Hatuka, Tali. "Negotiating Space: Analyzing Jaffa Protest Form, Intention, and Violence, October 27th, 1933." JQ, no. 35 (Aut. 08): 93-106.
Ricks, Thomas M. "Khalil Totah: The Unknown Years." JQ, no. 34 (Spr. 08): 51-77.
Rood, Judith M. "Intercommunal Relations in Egyptian Jerusalem (1834-1841), Part 2." JQ, no. 34 (Spr. 08): 78-88.
Tamari, Salim. "With God's Camel in Siberia: The Russian Exile of an Ottoman Officer from Jerusalem." JQ, no. 35 (Aut. 08): 31-50.
---. "With Naqat Allah in Siberia: ‘Arif al-`Arif in Russian Captivity during World War I" [in Arabic]. MDF, no. 76 (Aut. 08): 109-27.
Wagner, Steven. "British Intelligence and the Jewish Resistance Movement in the Palestine Mandate, 1945-46." Intelligence and National Security 23, no. 5 (Oct. 08): 629-57.
Weiss, Max. "Institutionalizing Sectarianism: The Lebanese Ja`fari Court and Shi`i Society under the French Mandate." Islamic Law and Society 15, no. 3 (08): 371-407.
PALESTINIAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY
Abu Hadba, Ahmad. "The Palestinian Report, 15 May-15 August 2008" [in Arabic]. SA, no. 129 (Sum. 08): 169-210.
Enders, David. "No Roads Out, No Roads Home: Palestinian Refugees in Iraq." Virginia Quarterly Review 84, no. 3 (Jul. 08): 192-207.
Al-Fayyad, Salam. "The Courage to Persist, the Will to Build." PIJPEC 15, no. 3 (08): 86-91.
Giacaman, George. "The Three Dilemmas of the Palestinians" [in Arabic]. MDF, no. 76 (Aut. 08): 26-30.
Heacock, Roger. "Palestine, 2008: Ma zilna huna; ‘Nous sommes toujours là'." CM, no. 67 (Fall 08): 21-30.
Hirschfield, Robert. "Gandhi of the West Bank." Progressive 72, no. 3 (Mar. 08): 24-27.
Hroub, Khaled. "Salafi Formations in Palestine and the Limits of a De-Palestinised Milieu." HLS 7, no. 2 (Nov. 08): 157-81.
Jarbawi, Ali. "The Palestinian Deadlock" [in Arabic]. MDF, no. 76 (Aut. 08): 7-17.
Khatib, Ghassan. "The Palestinian Crisis: A Current Crisis or the End of a Historical Role?" [in Arabic]. MDF, no. 76 (Aut. 08): 43-51.
Latif, Nadia. "Making Refugees." CR 8, no. 2 (Fall 08): 253-72.
Masalha, Nur. "Remembering the Palestinian Nakba: Commemoration, Oral History, and Narratives of Memory." HLS 7, no. 2 (Nov. 08): 123-56.
Milton-Edwards, Beverley. "The Ascendance of Political Islam: Hamas and Consolidation in the Gaza Strip." TWQ 29, no. 8 (Dec. 08): 1585-99.
Muhammad, Jibril. "The Archives' and Family Memoirs' Conference: An Attempt to Read the History of Palestinian Society" [in Arabic]. MDF, no. 76 (Aut. 08): 174-78.
Nasr, Diab. "A Palestinian View on the Oxford Strategic Group Report." PIJPEC 15, no. 3 (08): 103-9.
Obenzinger, Hilton. "Palestine Solidarity, Political Discourse, and the Peace Movement, 1982-1988." CR 8, no. 2 (Fall 08): 233-52.
Qasim, Hashim. "An Interview with `Azmi Bishara" [in Arabic]. MA 31, no. 357 (Nov. 08): 6-20.