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Economic Sanctions and American Diplomacy , by Richard N. Haass
Gary C. Hufbauer
While economic sanctions have long been a mainstay of U.S. diplomacy, now that the Cold War is over they play a more central role. U.S. policymakers frequently turn to sanctions as a policy response to international crises and rogue states. Accordingly, in April 1996 the Council on Foreign Relations undertook a study of economic sanctions as a tool of American foreign policy under the leadership of Richard N. Haass, now Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution (and previously Director of National Security Programs at the Council). The study group, consisting of members drawn from universities, government, and the private sector, discussed each of the chapters included in this volume. Their deliberations helped shape the book.
The purpose of Economic Sanctions and American Diplomacy is to provide a detailed analysis of the use of economic sanctions in the postCold War era. Eight case studies were selected to illuminate the wide range of sanctions currently employed by the United States. The chapters examine China, Cuba, Haiti, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Pakistan, and the former Yugoslavia as target countries. Each chapter analyzes the voice of domestic constituencies in shaping U.S. sanctions policy; the legal authority invoked to implement sanctions; the impact of U.S. sanctions on American allies; and the characteristics of target states that make them more or less vulnerable to sanctions. Each case study offers conclusions about whether sanctions "worked" against the target, as well as their consequences for the United States, its allies, and the world system. The result is a volume that is instructive in every sense: It contributes to what we know of this increasingly important foreign policy instrument, and it makes clear how we can better use economic sanctions in the future.
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