Minorities and the State in the Arab World

Ofra Bengio and Gabriel Ben-Dor (eds.)

Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.

1999

Selected Bibliography

 

Books

‘Abd al-Fattah, Nabil (ed.). Taqrir al-hala al-diniyya fi Misr, 1995. Cairo: Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, 1996.

Abdallah, Umar F. The Islamic Struggle in Syria. Berkeley: Mizan Press, 1982.

Abu-Khalil, Joseph. Qissat al-Mawarina fi al-harb. Beirut: Sharikat al-Matbu‘at lil-Tawzi‘ wal-Nashr, 1990.

Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Ageron, Charles-Robert. Modern Algeria: A History from 1830 to the Present. London: Hurst, 1991.

Ajami, Fouad. The Arab Predicament: Arab Political Thought and Practice Since 1967. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

------. The Vanished Imam: Musa al-Sadr and the Shia of Lebanon. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1986.

Al-‘Alawi, Hasan. Al-Shi‘a wal-dawla al-qawmiyya fil-‘Iraq, 1914–1990. N.P., 1990.

Albino, Oliver. The Sudan: A Southern Viewpoint. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.

Anderson, Charles W., Fred R. Von der Mehden, and Crawford Young (eds.). Issues of Political Development. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1967.

Ayoubi, Nazih. Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World. London: Routledge, 1991.

Baduel, Pierre Robert (ed.), L‘Algérie Incertaine. Aix-en-Province: Institute de Recherches et d’Études sur le Monde Arabe et Musulman (IREMAM), Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Mediterranée (REMMM), 1994.

Ball, George W. Error and Betrayal in Lebanon: An Analysis of Israel’s Invasion of Lebanon and the Implications for U.S.-Israeli Relations. Washington, D.C.: USA Foundation for Middle East Peace, 1984.

Barber, Benjamin. Jihad Versus McWorld. New York: Random House, 1995.

Barakat, Halim (ed.). Toward a Viable Lebanon. London: Croom Helm, 1988.

Batatu, Hanna. The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978.

al-Bazzaz, Sa‘d. Harb talid ukhra: Al-Ta’rikh al-sirri li-harb al-khalij. Amman: Al-Ahliyya lil-Nashr wal-Tawzi‘, 1992.

Beeri, Eliezer. Army Officers in Arab Politics and Society. New York: Praeger, 1969.

Bendix, Reinhard. Nation-Building and Citizenship: Studies of Our Changing Social Order. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1964.

Ben-Dor, Gabriel. State and Conflict in the Middle East: Emergence of the Postcolonial State. New York: Praeger, 1983.

------. The Druzes in Israel: A Political Study. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1981.

------. The Modern State in the Middle East: The Need for a Human Face. Toronto: York University Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Occasional Paper, 1993.

Ben-Dor, Gabriel, and David B. DeWitt (eds.). Conflict Management in the Middle East. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1987.

Bengio, Ofra. Saddam’s Word: Political Discourse in Iraq. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Bill, James A., and Robert Springborg. Politics in the Middle East. 4th ed., New York: HarperCollins, 1994.

Brett, Michael, and Elizabeth Fentress. The Berbers. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.

Brynen, Rex, Bahgat Korany, and Paul Noble (eds.). Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World, Vol. 1, Theoretical Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1995.

Carter, B. L. The Copts in Egyptian Politics, 1918–1952. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1986.

Chaker, Salem (ed.). “Berbères, une Identité en Construction.” Revue de l’Occident Musulman et de la Mediterranée, no. 44. Aix-en-Province: Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 1987.

Cobban, Alfred. National Self-Determination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1944.

Collings, Deirdre (ed.). Peace for Lebanon? From War to Reconstruction. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1994.

Dann, Uriel. Studies in the History of Transjordan, 1920–1949: The Making of a State. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1984.

Day, Arthur. East Bank/West Bank: Jordan and the Prospects for Peace. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1986.

Deng, Francis Mading. The Cry of the Owl. New York: Lilian Barber Press, 1989.

Deutsch, Karl W. Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953.

Diamond, Larry, and Marc F. Plattner (eds.). Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Democracy. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.

Eibner, John (ed.). Church Under Siege. Zurich: Institute for Religious Minorities in the Islamic World, 1993.

Elazar, Daniel (ed.). Federalism and Political Integration. Ramat Gan, Israel: Turtledove, 1979.

Esman, Milton, and Itamar Rabinovich (eds.). Ethnicity, Pluralism and the State in the Middle East. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

Fathi, Schirin. Jordan: An Invented Nation? State-Tribe Dynamics and the Formation of National Identity. Hamburg: Deutsches Orient-Institut, 1994.

Fiqqi, Mustafa. Al-Aqbat fi al-siyasa al-Misriyya. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1985.

Fridman, Eli. “The Muslim Brothers and Their Struggle with the Regime of Hafiz al-Asad, 1976–1982” (in Hebrew). Master’s thesis, Tel Aviv University, 1989.

Fuda, Faraj, et al. Al-Ta’ifiyya ila ayna!? Cairo: Dar al-Misri al-Jadid, 1987.

Geertz, Clifford (ed.). Old Societies and New States: The Quest for Modernity in Asia and Africa. New York: Free Press, 1963.

Gellner, Ernest, and Charles Micaud (eds.). Arabs and Berbers from Tribe to Nation in North Africa. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1972.

Gershoni, Israel, and James P. Jankowski. Redefining the Egyptian Nation, 1930–1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Glazer, Nathan, and Daniel P. Moynihan. Ethnicity: Theory and Experience. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975.

Greenstein, Fred I., and Nelson W. Polsby (eds.). Handbook of Political Science, Strategies of Inquiry, vol. 7. Reading, Mass.: Addison Wesley, 1975.

Habib, Rafiq. Al-Ihtijaj al-dini wal-sira‘ al-tabaqi fi Misr. Cairo: Sina, 1989.

------. Al-Masihiyya al-siyasiyya fi Misr. Cairo: Yafa, 1990.

------. Man yabi‘ Misr? Al-dawla, al-nukhba, al-kanisa. Cairo: Misr al-‘Arabiyya, 1994.

Halpern, Manfred. The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1963.

Hanf, Theodor. Coexistence in Wartime Lebanon: Decline of a State and Rise of a Nation. London: The Centre for Lebanese Studies and I. B. Tauris, 1993.

Hansen, Henry Herald. Investigations in a Shi‘i Village in Bahrain. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark, 1968.

Hasan, Y. F. (ed.). Sudan in Africa: Studies Presented to the First International Conference Sponsored by the Sudan Research Unit, 7–12 February 1968. Khartoum: Khartoum University Press, 1971.

Hassanpour, Amin. Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan, 1918–1985. San Francisco: Mellen Research University Press, 1992.

Helou, Charles. Hayat fi dhikrayat. Beirut: Dar al-Nahar, 1995.

Hinnebusch, Raymond. Authoritarian Power and State Formation in Ba‘thist Syria: Army, Party and Peasant. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1990.

Horowitz, Donald D. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.

Hourani, Albert. Minorities in the Arab World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1947.

Hourani, Albert. Syria and Lebanon: A Political Essay. London: Oxford University Press, 1946.

Al-Huss, Salim. Zaman al-amal wal-khayba. Beirut: Dar al-Ilm lil-Malayin, 1992.

Hudson, Michael. The Precarious Republic: Political Modernization in Lebanon. New York: Random House, 1968.

Hunter, Shireen (ed.). The Politics of Islamic Revivalism: Diversity and Unity. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.

Huntington, Samuel P. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1968.

------. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.

Hutchinson, John, and Anthony Smith (eds.). Nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Ibn Khaldun Center. Humum al-aqalliyyat, al-taqrir al-sanawi al-awwal. Cairo: Ibn Khaldun Center, 1993.

Ibrahim, Sa‘d al-Din. Al-Milal wal-nihal wal-a‘raq; humum al-aqalliyyat fi al-watan al-‘Arabi. Cairo: Ibn Khaldun Center, 1994.

------. Al-Milal wal-nihal wal-a‘raq: Al-taqrir al-sanawi al-thani, 1995. Cairo: Dar al-Amin, 1995.

------. Ta‘ammulat fi mas‘alat al-aqalliyyat. Cairo, 1992.

------. Management of Ethnic Issues in the Arab World. Cairo: Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, 1995.

------. The Copts of Egypt. London: Minority Rights Group, 1996.

al-Jabiri, Muhammad ‘Abid. Al-‘Aql al-siyasi al-‘Arabi. Beirut: Al-Markaz al-Thaqafi al-‘Arabi, 1991.

Joffe, George (ed.). North Africa: Nation, State and Region. London: Routledge, 1993.

Joumblatt, Kamal. I Speak for Lebanon. London: Zed Press, 1982.

Jumayyil, Amin. Al-Rihan-al-kabir. Beirut: Dar al-Nahar, 1988.

Jumhuriyyat Misr al-‘Arabiyya, Wizarat al-difa‘. Al-Aqalliyyat fi al-mintaqa al-‘Arabiyya wa-ta’thiruha ‘ala al-amn al-qawmi al-‘Arabi. Cairo, 199?).

Kasfir, Nelson. The Shrinking Political Arena: Participation and Ethnicity in African Policies with a Case Study of Uganda. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

Kedourie, Elie. Democracy and Arab Political Culture. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Near East Policy, 1992.

------. Politics in the Middle East. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Kerr, Malcolm H. The Arab Cold War. 3d ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972.

Khalaf, Samir. Lebanon’s Predicament. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.

Khoury, Philip. Syria and the French Mandate: The Politics of Arab Nationalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.

Khoury, Philip S., and Joseph Kostiner (eds.). Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Khuri, Fuad I. Tribe and State in Bahrain: The Transformation of Social and Political Authority in an Arab State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Kramer, Martin (ed.). Shi‘ism: Resistance and Revolution. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1987.

LaPalombara, Joseph. Politics Within Nations. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1974.

Laroui, Abdallah. The History of the Maghrib: An Interpretive Essay. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1977.

Lauren, Paul Gordon (ed.). Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy. New York: The Free Press, 1979.

Lawson, Fred Haley. Bahrain: The Modernization of Autocracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1989.

Layne, Linda (ed.). Elections in the Middle East; Implications of Recent Trends. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1987.

------. Home and Homeland: The Dialogics of Tribal and National Identities in Jordan. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Legum, Colin (ed.). African Contemporary Record, vol. 13, 1980–81. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981.

------. African Contemporary Record, vol. 14, 1981–82. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1983.

Lewis, Bernard. The Middle East: 2000 Years of History, from the Rise of Christianity to the Present Day. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1995.

------. The Political Language of Islam. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.

Longrigg, Stephen H. Iraq, 1900–1950: A Political, Social and Economic History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1953.

Luizard, Pierre-Jean. La Formation de L’Irak Contemporain: Le Role Politique des Ulemas Chiites a la Fin de la Domination Ottomane et au Moment de la Construction de l’État Irakien. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1991.

Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce, and Efraim Inbar (eds.). Religious Radicalism in the Greater Middle East. London: Frank Cass, 1997.

Makiya, Kan‘an. Cruelty and Silence: War, Tyranny, Uprising and the Arab World. London: Penguin Books, 1994.

Ma‘oz, Moshe. Asad--The Sphinx of Damascus (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1988.

Mazlish, Bruce, Arthur D. Kaledin, and David B. Ralston (eds.). Revolution. New York: Free Press, 1971.

McDowall, David. A Modern History of the Kurds. London: I. B. Tauris, 1996.

McLaurin, Robert D. (ed.). Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East. New York: Praeger, 1979.

Middle East Watch. Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1993.

------. Syria Unmasked: The Suppression of Human Rights by the Asad Regime. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1991.

Milson, Menahem (ed.). Regime and Society in the Arab World (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Van Leer Institute, 1977.

Montville, Joseph V. (ed.). Conflict and Peacemaking in Multiethnic Societies. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1987.

Moosa, Matti. Extremist Shi‘ites: The Ghulat Sects. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1987.

Al-Mudarrisi, Muhammad Taqi. Al-‘Iraq wal-haraka al-Islamiyya. London: Al-Sifa lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzi‘, 1988.

Mustafa, Hala. Al-Dawla wal-harakat al-Islamiyya al-mu‘arida bayna al-muhadana wal-muwajaha. Cairo: Markaz al-Mahrusa, 1995.

Nakash, Yitzhak. The Shi‘is of Iraq. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Nelson, Harold D. Area Handbook for the Democratic Republic of Sudan. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1973.

Neuberger, Benyamin. National Self-determination in Postcolonial Africa. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1986.

Norton, Augustus Richard (ed.) Civil Society in the Middle East. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1995.

Owen, Roger (ed.). Essays on the Crisis in Lebanon. London: Ithaca Press, 1976.

Pakradouni, Karim. La Paix Manquée (Hebrew translation). Tel Aviv: Ma‘arachot, Israel Ministry of Defense, 1986.

Patai, Rafael. Golden River to Golden Road. 2d ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1967.

Peake, Frederick (Peake Pasha). A History of Jordan and Its Tribes. Coral Gables, Fla.: University of Miami Press, 1958.

Piscatori, James (ed.). Islamic Fundamentalism and the Gulf Crisis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Polk, William R., and Richard Chambers (eds.). Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.

Rabinovich, Itamar. Syria Under the Ba‘th, 1963–66: The Army-Party Symbiosis in Syria. New York: Praeger, 1971.

------. The War for Lebanon, 1970–1985. Jerusalem: Israeli University Press, 1985.

Ramadan, ‘Abd al-‘Azim. Jama‘at al-takfir fi Misr. Cairo: al-Hay‘a al-Misriyya al-‘Amma lil-Kitab, 1995.

Ramazani, Rouhollah K. Revolutionary Iran: Challenge and Response in the Middle East. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

Reporters Sans Frontiers. Le Drame Algérien: Un Peuple en Otage. Paris: Éditions La Découverte, 1994.

Richard, S. H., and J. E. Peterson (eds.). Crosscurrents in the Gulf: Arab Regional and Global Interests. Washington, D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1988.

Rogan, Eugene, and Tariq Tell (eds.). Village, Steppe and State: The Social Origins of Modern Jordan. London: British Academic Press, 1994.

Rothschild, Joseph. Ethnopolitics: A Conceptual Framework. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981.

Ruedy, John. Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992.

al-Rumaihi, Muhamad Ghanim. Bahrain: A Study on Social and Political Changes Since the First World War. London: Bowker, 1975.

Salem, Paul. Bitter Legacy: Ideology and Politics in the Arab World. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1994.

Salibi, K. S. A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

------. Crossroads to Civil War: Lebanon 1958–1976. London: Ithaca Press, 1976.

------. The Modern History of Jordan. London: I. B. Tauris, 1993.

Salih, Khaled. State-Making, Nation-Building, and the Military: Iraq 1941–1958. Goteborg, Sweden: Goteborg University, 1996.

Schulze, Kirsten E., Martin Stokes, and Colm Campbell (eds.). Nationalism, Minorities and Diaspora: Identities and Rights in the Middle East. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 1996.

Seale, Patrick. Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris, 1988.

------. The Struggle for Syria: A Study of Post-War Arab Politics. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.

Shehadi, Nadim, and Bridget Harney (eds.). Politics and the Economy in Lebanon. Oxford: The Centre for Lebanese Studies, 1989.

Shehadi, Nadim, and Dana Haffar Mills (eds.). Lebanon: A History of Conflict and Consensus. London: The Centre for Lebanese Studies, 1988.

Sisk, Timothy D. Islam and Democracy: Religion, Politics and Power in the Middle East. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute of Peace, 1992.

Smith, Anthony D. Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press, 1995.

------. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.

------. The Ethnic Revival. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Sowell, Thomas. Race and Culture: A World View. New York: Basic Books, 1994.

Susser, Asher. On Both Banks of the Jordan: A Political Biography of Wasfi al-Tall. London: Frank Cass, 1994.

Susser, Asher, and Aryeh Shmuelevitz (eds.). The Hashemites in the Modern Arab World. London: Frank Cass, 1995.

Tapper, Richard (ed.). Some Minorities in the Middle East. London: Centre of Near and Middle Eastern Studies, 1992.

Tiryakian, Edward D., and Ronald Rogowski (eds.). New Nationalisms of the Developed West: Toward an Explanation. Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1985.

Tuchman, Barbara. The March of Folly: From Troy to Vietnam. New York: Knopf, 1984.

Tueni, Ghassan. Une Guérre pour les Autres. Paris: Jean-Claude Lattes, 1985.

Vali, Abbas. Kurdish Nationalism: Identity, Sovereignty and the Dialectics of Violence in Kurdistan. London: I. B. Tauris, 1996.

van Bruinessen, Martin. Agha, Shaikh and State: On the Social and Political Organization of Kurdistan. Rijswijk, Netherlands: Europrint, 1978.

van Dam, Nikolas. The Struggle for Power in Syria: Sectarianism, Religion and Tribalism in Politics, 1961–1978. London: Croom Helm, 1979.

van Den Berghe, Pierre L. The Ethnic Phenomenon. New York: Elsevier, 1981.

van Dusen, Michael Hillegas. Intra- and Inter-Generational Conflict in the Syrian Army. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms, 1991.

Vatikiotis, P. J. Islam and the State. London: Croom and Helm, 1987.

Voll, Sarah Potts, and John Obert Voll. The Sudan: Unity and Diversity in a Multicultural State. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

Wai, Dunstan M. The African-Arab Conflict in the Sudan. New York: Africana Publishing Company, 1981.

Waterbury, John. The Commander of the Faithful: The Moroccan Political Elite, A Study in Segmented Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1970.

Wheatcroft, Andrew. The Life and Times of Shaykh Salman Bin Hamad Al-Khalifa, Ruler of Bahrain, 1942–1961. London: Kegan Paul, 1995.

Wilson, Mary. King Abdallah, Britain and the Making of Jordan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Wilson, Rodney (ed.). Politics and the Economy in Jordan. London: Routledge, 1991.

Ya‘ari, Ehud, and Zeev Schiff. Israel’s Lebanon War. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984.

Yaniv, Avner, Moshe Ma‘oz, and Avi Kuver (eds.). Syria and Israeli Security (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv: Ma‘arachot Press, 1991.

Young, Crawford. The Politics of Cultural Pluralism. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976.

Zahlan, Rosemarie Said. The Making of the Modern Gulf States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989.

Zolberg, Aristide R. Creating Political Order: The Party-States of West-Africa. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1966.

 

Articles

Adekson, Bayo J. “Ethnicity, the Military and Domination.” Plural Societies 9, no. 1 (spring 1978), pp. 85–110.

Ansari, Hamied. “Sectarian Conflict in Egypt and the Political Expediency of Religion.” Middle East Journal 38, no. 3 (summer 1984), pp. 397–418.

Axelrod, Laurence. “Tribesmen in Uniform: The Demise of the Fida’iyyun in Jordan, 1970–71.” Muslim World 68, no. 1 (January 1978), pp. 25–45.

Bellin, Eva. “Civil Society: Effective Tool of Analysis for Middle East Politics?” Political Science and Politics 27, no. 3 (September 1994), pp. 509–510.

Ben-Dor, Gabriel. “Civilianization of Military Regimes in the Arab World.” Armed Forces and Society 1, no. 3 (May 1975), pp. 317–327.

------. “Institutionalization and Political Development: A Conceptual and Theoretical Analysis.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 17, no. 3 (July 1975), pp. 309–325.

------. “Political Culture to Middle East Politics.” International Journal of Middle East Politics 8, no. 1 (January 1977), pp. 43–63.

------. “Stateness and Ideology in Contemporary Middle Eastern Politics.” The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 9, no. 3 (September 1987), pp. 10–37.

------. “The Intellectuals in the Politics of a Middle Eastern Minority.” Middle Eastern Studies 12, no. 2 (May 1976), pp. 133–158.

------. “The Military in the Politics of Integration and Innovation: The Case of the Druze Minority in Israel.” Asian and African Studies 9, no. 3 (1973), pp. 339–369.

------. “The Politics of Threat: Military Intervention in the Middle East.” Journal of Political and Military Sociology 1 (spring 1974), pp. 57–69.

Chaker, Salem. “Quelques Evidences sur la Question Bérbére.” Confluences Méditerranée: Comprendre l‘Algérie, no. 11 (summer 1994), pp. 103–111.

Chouet, Alain. “Alawi Tribal Space Tested by Power: Disintegration by Politics.” Maghreb-Machrek, no. 147 (January–March 1995), pp. 93–119.

Connor, Walker. “The Politics of Ethnonationalism.” Journal of International Affairs 27, no. 1 (January 1973), pp. 1–21.

Donnet, Joel. “Renaissance Berbére au Maroc.” Le Monde Diplomatique, January 1995, p. 18.

Faksh, Mahmud A. “The Alawi Community of Syria: A New Dominant Political Force.” Middle Eastern Studies 20, no. 2 (April 1984), pp. 133–153.

Francke, Rahim. “Race to Finish Line.” Middle East Insight 10, no. 4–5 (May–August 1994), pp. 36–43.

Fuccaro, Nelida. “Ethnicity, State Formation, and Conscription in Postcolonial Iraq: The Case of the Yazidi Kurds of Jabal Sinjar.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 29, no. 4 (November 1997), pp. 559–580.

Galand, L. “Berbers: Language.” Encyclopedia of Islam. New edition, vol. 1. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1960, pp. 1180–1185.

George, Alexander L., and Timothy J. Mckeown. “Case Studies and Theories of Organizational Decision Making.” Advances in Information Processing in Organizations 2 (1985), pp. 21–58.

Gershoni, Israel. “The Arab Nation, the Hashemite Dynasty and Greater Syria in the Writings of ‘Abdallah.” Part 2. Hamizrah Hehadash (in Hebrew) 25, no. 3 (1975), pp. 161–183.

Ghiles, Francis. “Algeria Again at the Crossroads.” Middle East International, no. 417 (24 January 1992), pp. 3–4.

Gurr, Ted Robert. “Peoples Against States: Ethnopolitical Conflict and the Changing World System.” International Studies Quarterly 38, no. 3 (September 1994), pp. 347–377.

Hinnebusch, Raymond A. “State and Civil Society in Syria.” Middle East Journal 47, no. 2 (spring 1993), pp. 243–257.

Huntington, Samuel P. “Civil Violence and the Process of Development.” Adelphi Papers, no. 83 (1972).

------. “The Clash of Civilizations?” Foreign Affairs 72, no. 3 (summer 1993), pp. 22–49.

------. “Democracy’s Third Wave.” Journal of Democracy 1, no. 1 (spring 1991), pp. 12–34.

Ibrahim, Saad Eddin. “Crises, Elites and Democratization in the Arab World.” Middle East Journal 47, no. 2 (spring 1993), pp. 292–305.

Kelidar, Abbas. “Religion and State in Syria.” Asian Affairs 61 (1974), pp. 16–22.

Khazin, Farid. “The Communal Pact of National Identities: The Making and Politics of the 1943 National Pact.” Papers on Lebanon, no. 12 (1992).

Kirisci, Kemal. “Provide Comfort or Trouble: Operation Provide Comfort and Its Impact on Turkish Foreign Policy.” Turkish Review of Middle East Studies 8 (1994–1995), pp. 43–67.

Kramer, Gudrun. “Liberalization and Democracy in the Arab World.” Middle East Report 22, no. 1 (January–February 1992), pp. 22–25, 35.

Lak, Amara. “On Tamazight and Its Writing.” The Amazigh Voice 4, no. 1 (March 1995), pp. 7–8.

LaPalombara, Joseph. “Macrotheories and Microapplications in Comparative Politics: A Widening Chasm.” Comparative Politics 1, no. 1 (October 1968), pp. 52–78.

Lewis, Bernard. “Why Turkey Is the Only Muslim Democracy.” Middle East Quarterly 1, no. 1 (March 1994), pp. 41–49.

Lijphart, Arend. “Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method.” The American Political Science Review 65, no. 3 (September 1971), pp. 682–693.

Luizard, Pierre-Jean. “The Iraqi Question from the Inside.” Middle East Report 25, no. 2 (March–April 1995), pp. 18–22.

Maila, Josef. “The Document of National Understanding: A Commentary.” Prospects for Lebanon, no. 4. Oxford: The Centre for Lebanese Studies, 1992.

Mayer, Thomas. “The Islamic Opposition in Syria, 1961–1982.” Orient 24, no. 4 (December 1983), pp. 589–609.

McCarus, Ernest N. “Berber: Linguistic ‘Substratum’ of North African Arabic.” The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (January–February 1995), p. 31.

Mutlu, Servet. “Ethnic Kurds in Turkey: A Demographic Study.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 28, no. 4 (November 1996), pp. 517–541.

Nader, George. “Interview with General Michel Aoun, Prime Minister of Lebanon.” Middle East Insight 6, no. 3 (fall 1988), pp. 24–27.

Newman, Saul. “Does Modernization Breed Ethnic Political Conflict?” World Politics 43, no. 3 (April 1991), pp. 451–478.

Norton, Augustus Richard. “The Future of Civil Society in the Middle East.” Middle East Journal 47, no. 2 (spring 1993), pp. 205–216.

Olmert, Yosef. “Britain, Turkey and the Levant Question During the Second World War.” Middle Eastern Studies 23, no. 4 (October 1987), pp. 437–452.

Patai, Rafael. “The Middle East as a Cultural Area.” Middle East Journal 6, no. 1 (winter 1952), pp. 1–21.

Pennington, J. D. “The Copts in Modern Egypt.” Middle Eastern Studies 18, no. 2 (April 1982), pp. 158–179.

Perlmutter, Amos. “The Arab Military Elite.” World Politics 22, no. 2 (January 1970), pp. 269–300.

Pickering, Samuel J. “Pedagogia Deserta: Memoirs of a Fulbright Year in Syria.” American Scholar 50, no. 2 (spring 1981), pp. 179–196.

Pipes, Daniel. “The Alawi Capture of Power in Syria.” Middle Eastern Studies 25, no. 4 (October 1989), pp. 429–450.

Rabinovich, Itamar. “The Compact Minorities and the Syrian State, 1918–45.” Journal of Contemporary History 14, no. 4 (October 1979), pp. 693–712.

Rathmell, Andrew. “Opposition in the Gulf--Further Insights.” Jane’s Intelligence Review 7, no. 7 (July 1995), pp. 309–310.

Riggs, Fred W. “Ethnonationalism, Industrialism and the Modern State.” Third World Quarterly 15, no. 4 (December 1994), pp. 583–611.

Roberts, Hugh. “The Economics of Berberism: The Material Basis of the Kabyle Question in Contemporary Algeria.” Government and Opposition 18, no. 2 (spring 1983), pp. 218–235.

------. “The Unforeseen Development of the Kabyle Question in Contemporary Algeria.” Government and Opposition 17, no. 3 (summer 1982), pp. 312–334.

------. “Towards an Understanding of the Kabyle Question in Contemporary Algeria.” The Maghreb Review 5, nos. 5–6 (September–December 1980), pp. 115–124.

Salibi, Kamal. “The Maronite Experiment.” Middle East Insight 5, no. 1 (January–February 1987), pp. 21–30.

Satloff, Robert B. “Prelude to Conflict: Communal Independence in the Sanjak of Alexandretta, 1920–38.” Middle Eastern Studies 22, no. 2 (April 1986), pp. 147–180.

Scott, George M., Jr. “A Resynthesis of the Primordial and Circumstantial Approaches to Ethnic Group Solidarity: Toward an Explanatory Model.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 13, no. 2 (April 1990), pp. 147–171.

Seccombe, Ian J. “The Persian Gulf.” Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society 25 (July 1938), pp. 19–31.

Seffal, Rabah. “Remember Me?” The World and I (September 1992), pp. 612–623.

Shehadi N. “The Idea of Lebanon.” Papers on Lebanon, no. 5 (1987).

Sivan, Emmanuel. “The Arab Nation-State: In Search of a Usable Past.” Middle East Review 19, no. 3 (spring 1987), pp. 21–30.

Skocpol, Theda, and Margaret Somers. “The Uses of Comparative History in Macro-social Theory.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 22 (1980), pp. 174–197.

Smith, Charles D. “Imagined Identities, Imagined Nationalisms: Print Culture and Egyptian Nationalism in Light of Recent Scholarship.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 29, no. 4 (November 1997), pp. 607–622.

Springborg, Robert. “Egypt: Repression’s Toll.” Current History 97, no. 615 (January 1998), pp. 32–37.

van den Berghe, Pierre L. “Ethnicity: The African Experience.” International Social Sciences Journal 23, no. 4 (April 1971), pp. 505–518.

Yaffe, Gitta. “Suleiman al-Murshid: Beginning of the Alawi Leader.” Middle Eastern Studies 29, no. 4 (October 1993), pp. 624–640.

Yver, G- [Ch. Pellat]. “Berbers: Distribution at Present.” Encyclopedia of Islam. New edition, vol. 1. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1960, pp. 1177–1178.

Zamir, Meir. “Politics and Violence in Lebanon.” The Jerusalem Quarterly, no. 25 (fall 1982), pp. 3–26.

------. “The Lebanese Presidential Elections of 1970 and Their Impact on the Civil War of 1975–1976.” Middle Eastern Studies 16, no. 1 (January 1980), pp. 49–70.

Zisser Eyal. “The Renewed Struggle over the Succession.” The World Today 50, no. 7 (1994), pp. 136–139.

------. “The Succession Struggle in Damascus.” Middle East Quarterly 2, no. 3 (September 1995), pp. 57–64.

Zubaida, Sami. “Islam, the State and Democracy: Contrasting Conceptions of Society in Egypt.” Middle East Report 22, no. 6 (November–December 1992), pp. 2–10.